ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by SARS_COV2. The symptoms of covid-19 include: fever, dyspnea, fatigue, a recent loss of smell and taste, sore throat, cough, and cutaneous lesions. In addition, some skin manifestations were reported to be associated with COVID-19. Methods: The study design is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study. The study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice about skin manifestations of COVID-19 among doctors working at Khartoum dermatology and venereology teaching hospital. A self-administrated questionnaire was used for data collection after an informed consent was taken. Results: Among 140 doctors working in the dermatology and venereology teaching hospital, 75.7% of the doctors had knowledge that COVID-19 can present with skin manifestations. The study results showed that about half of the participants have poor knowledge about COVID-19 skin manifestations while 25% have no knowledge, and that 35 (25%) doctors have good knowledge. From a total of 140 doctors; 46.4% reported that when patients present with COVID-19 skin lesions, they will isolate them in separate rooms and call the epidemiology center, whereas, 61 doctors (43.6%) did not know if they have a protocol for COVID-19 suspected cases. This study reported a significant association between job category and level of knowledge toward COVID-19 skin manifestations measured by Chi-square test, the P-value was 0.003 (significant at 0.05), and the same significant association was found between the year of rotation and knowledge. Conclusion: Half of the doctors covered by this study had poor knowledge about COVID-19 skin manifestations, and therefore, educating doctors in dermatology hospitals about skin manifestations of COVID-19 is recommended, besides clear and precise guidelines and protocols for diagnosis and management.
Subject(s)
Signs and Symptoms , Skin Manifestations , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , COVID-19ABSTRACT
La malnutrition reste à ce jour un problème majeur de santé publique, notamment dans nos pays en voie de développement. Ce travail avait eu comme objectif d'étudier les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques de dermatoses associées à la dénutrition sévère chez les malnutris admis aux CRENI de 3 hôpitaux (HNL, CHR et HNN) de la ville de Niamey, capitale du Niger. Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective transversale effectuée du 1er février au 31 juillet 2018, avec une collecte de données s'étendant sur trois mois (février, mars et avril) de la même année. Au total, 464 enfants malnutris étaient admis et 80 étaient atteints de dermatoses, soit une fréquence relative de 17,24%. Les garçons étaient plus touchés (53,75%) avec un sexe ratio de 1,16. l'âge de nos patients variait de 2 à 48 mois avec une moyenne de 17,55. Dans 93,8% les enfants étaient affectés au cours de trois premières années de vie. La résidence de patients était urbaine dans 51,2% et 71,3% étaient des enfants des cultivateurs et des commerçants. 87,5% de ces enfants étaient nés de mères ménagères dont les non instruites représentaient 66,2%. Dans 63,7%, les parents de ces malnutris avec dermatoses avaient un bas niveau socioéconomique. L'analyse de l'accès aux soins et services de santé montrait que 68,8% des mères de nos patients avaient été suivies pendant leurs grossesses, mais seulement 38,8% avaient accouché au niveau d'une formation sanitaire. Aussi, 26,2% des patients avaient bénéficié d'une vaccination complète (selon le programme élargi de vaccination), 32,8% avaient déjà raté des doses pour un ou plusieurs antigènes. Au cours de cette étude, deux formes cliniques de malnutrition étaient identifiées. Il s'agissait du marasme et du kwashiorkor avec respectivement 67,5% et 32,5%. Aussi, plusieurs types de dermatoses associées étaient diagnostiquées dont les plus fréquentes étaient l'eczéma avec 33,8% et le muguet et/ou chéilite avec 38,8%. Les lésions dermatologiques étaient donc surtout localisées au niveau des muqueuses dans 44%, mais l'ensemble du tégument ainsi que les phanères étaient concernés Dans 62,5%, ces dermatoses étaient survenues au cours de deux premières semaines suivant le début de la malnutrition. Avec un traitement spécifique en fonction du type de dermatose et la prise en charge de la malnutrition, l'évolution était favorable pour beaucoup de nos patients. Ainsi, les lésions dermatologiques étaient guéries dans 80% des cas, améliorées dans 8,8% avec 10% de décès. 92% des enfants guéris ou améliorés étaient sortis entre la deuxième et la quatrième semaine d'hospitalisation
Subject(s)
Niger , Severe Acute Malnutrition/complications , Severe Acute Malnutrition/diagnosis , Severe Acute Malnutrition/epidemiology , Skin ManifestationsABSTRACT
Background. Cancer incidence typically increases with age, but it is not known whether ethnic characteristics influence the age dependence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC).Objectives. (i) To determine the age dependence of SCC in the black African, coloured and white population groups of South Africa (SA); and (ii) to show whether any differences in the rate of change of age dependence could be influenced by diversity in behaviour and lifestyle, especially with regard to the prevalence of HIV infection, rather than by a fundamental variation in cancer biology between the populations.Methods. Linear regression analysis was applied to the logarithm of the age-specific incidence rates for SCC v. the logarithm of age between 35 and 74 years. The slopes of the regression (age exponent) were compared for each subset of gender, population group and year of diagnosis (between 2000 and 2010).Results. The most notable feature was the low value of the age exponent in both male and female black African compared with the white and coloured populations. This finding could be explained in part by the difference in the prevalence of HIV infection in the black African population group compared with the white and coloured population groups.Conclusions. The prevalence of HIV infection in black Africans in SA tends to decrease the apparent age component in SCC compared with the white and coloured population groups. Other factors relating to lifestyle and behaviour that differ between the population groups are also likely to influence the age component in SCC
Subject(s)
Black People , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , White People , HIV Infections , Skin Manifestations , South AfricaABSTRACT
Background. Skin conditions are common in children; and studying their spectrum in a tertiary dermatology clinic will assist in quantifying skin diseases associated with greatest burden. Objective. To investigate the spectrum and characteristics of paediatric skin disorders referred to a tertiary dermatology clinic in Durban; KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province; South Africa. Methods. A cross-sectional study of children attending the dermatology clinic at King Edward VIII Hospital; KZN; was carried out over 3 months. Relevant demographic information and clinical history pertaining to the skin conditions were recorded and diagnoses were made by specialist dermatologists. Data were analysed with EPI Info 2007 (USA).Results. There were 419 children included in the study; 222 (53%) were males and 197 (47%) were females. A total of 64 diagnosed skin conditions were classified into 16 categories. The most prevalent conditions by category were dermatitis (67.8%); infections (16.7%) and pigmentary disorders (5.5%). For the specific skin diseases; 60.1% were atopic dermatitis (AD); 7.2% were viral warts; 6% seborrhoeic dermatitis and 4.1% vitiligo. Dermatitis was significantly more common in males (p0.05). AD was the most common condition below 12 years of age; while the presence of viral warts was the most prevalent disorder among HIV-infected children. Approximately one-third (37.5%) of the disorders referred by other medical practitioners were misdiagnosed. Conclusions. AD constituted the highest burden both numerically and economically. Viral infections were a major contribution from HIV infection. The diverse spectrum and characteristics of skin diseases referred will assist in modifying the dermatology educational curriculum and bridge knowledge gaps among healthcare providers treating children
Subject(s)
Dermatology , HIV Infections , Pediatrics , Skin Diseases , Skin ManifestationsABSTRACT
Background: The study determined bacteria population on the skin; throat; and gastrointestinal tract of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients and HIV seronegative controls at the baseline; 3 months; and 6 months; respectively; at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC); Ile-Ife; Osun State; Nigeria and State Specialist Hospital; Akure; Ondo State; Nigeria between May and November; 2012. Materials and Methods: Seventy HIV-seropositive subjects and 51 HIV seronegative controls who attended the HIV clinics were recruited. Skin; throat; and rectal swabs were obtained from the participants using sterile cotton-tipped applicators introduced into thioglycollate broth and incubated at 37oC overnight. When growth was noticed; the broth culture was streaked on different bacteriologic media and the isolates were characterized by the standard methods and disc diffusion for antibiotic sensitivity. Results: The number of isolates cultured from the HIV-seropositive subjects was 934; with the distribution being 397; 326; and 211 at the baseline; 3 months; and 6 months; respectively. The distribution of 1;138 isolates cultured from 51 HIV-seronegative controls was 433; 354; and 351 at the baseline; 3 months; and 6 months; respectively. At the baseline among HIV-seropositive patients; the predominant isolates were Arcanobacterium haemolyticum; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa); and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus). However; Corynebacterium haemolyticum; Enterococcus faecalis; and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were predominant at 3 months while at 6 months; Corynebacterium haemolyticum and Corynebacterium diphtheriae had the highest frequency followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens). In the controls; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Listeria monocytogenes; and Staphylococcus xylosus (S. xylosus) predominated at the baseline and at 3 months while at 6 months; B. cereus; S. xylosus; and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were prevalent. Multiple resistances were widespread among the isolates. Conclusion: A preponderance of opportunists was observed in the HIV-seronegatives but higher multiresistant strains in the HIV-seropositives; suggesting both groups live in an antibiotic pressurized environment
Subject(s)
Bacteria , Gastrointestinal Tract , HIV Seropositivity , Pharynx , Skin ManifestationsABSTRACT
Chikungunya fever; an emerging mosquito-borne viral disease; has affected Mauritius with two recent outbreaks in 2005 and 2006 respectively. A study was carried out in 2007 to describe the clinical complications post-Chikungunya infection. Ethical clearance was obtained for this study. Data collection was carried out in February and March 2007 on a sample of people who had suffered from Chikungunya fever by means of a comprehensive questionnaire. Participants comprised 77 people; there were 41 males and 36 females. Participants ranged from 6 to 69 years. 70 participants experienced persisting joint pains for at least 6 months following the acute phase. Of these; 35 had residual joint complaints after 6 months. 44 participants suffered from psychological sequelae. 10 participants had dermatological sequelae; 6 had iatrogenic complications due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastritis; and 3 participants with serologically confirmed Chikungunya fever had neurological manifestations and changes on CT/MRI which could correspond to demyelination. Statistical analysis demonstrated that there was a weak linear relationship between the number of complications and increasing age; there was a significant difference in the number of complications according to gender; females being more affected than males; participants with co-morbidities had more complications and psychological sequelae than previously healthy participants. This study highlights that Chikungunya fever; which causes a significant impact on health in the acute phase; can have significant sequelae months afterwards and this includes psychological sequelae
Subject(s)
Chikungunya Fever , Fever/complications , Neurologic Manifestations , Skin ManifestationsABSTRACT
Skin snips were taken from 1320 randomly selected persons who were also examined for clinical manifestations of onchocerciasis; in a cross-sectional survey of six rural villages; in Kwanji District of Kebbi state; Nigeria. Microscopy of the biopsies showed that 251(19.02) of persons examined had skin microfilariae (mf) while 354 (26.8) of them who were either positive or negative for mf presented with various clinical manifestations including pruritus (26.7); eye lesions (16.4); lymphoedema (13.0); nodules (4.5); blindness (3.7) and various skin disfigurements. Male infection 199 (23.1) was significantly higher (P 0.05) than female infection 52 (11.3) because of occupational exposure. Microfilarial infection ranged (P 0.05) from 1.7of children below 10 years to 38.4of the elderly of 60 years and above. Community average skin microfilarial load (MFL) was 3.8 mf/snip; although the mean microfilarial density was respectively higher among farmers (4.2 mf/snip); fishermen (3.7 mf/snip); nomads (3.4 mf/snip) and those of 60-69 years (4.6 mf/snip) than teachers (1.6 mf/snip); housewives (1.5 mf/snip) and other age grades considered. Microfilarial rate and density in relation to age were positively correlated (r=0.14). It was concluded that there was active transmission and endemic onchocerciasis in Kwanji district. The need to combine on-going mass distribution of mectizan with blackfly vector control for more effective elimination of onchocerciasis in the area was suggested
Subject(s)
Cross-Sectional Studies , Microfilariae , Onchocerciasis , Skin ManifestationsABSTRACT
"In the absence of prevalence and incidence studies; data on occupational skin disease (OSD) is extrapolated from case studies; case series; reports from health care workers and compensation claims. It is generally stated in the literature that OSD is under-reported; under-diagnosed and undercompensated; and it is estimated in international literature that its true incidence varies from 5 to 19 cases per 10 000 workers per year. The vast majority of cases of OSD are occupational contact dermatitis (OCD). The terms OSD and OCD are used almost interchangeably in the literature. South African statistics obtained from private insurers in the mining and construction industries are comparable to those in the US and UK; ranging from 0.4 to 2 cases per 10 000 workers per year. Statistics obtained from the Department of Labour's Compensation Fund however; are a fraction of those reported in other countries. The authors must assume that the South African OSD burden is indeed a ""hidden epidemic."
Subject(s)
Skin Diseases , Skin ManifestationsABSTRACT
Background: The skin is the largest and most accessible organ in the body. Internal malignancies can produce a wide range of cutaneous manifestations that are often neglected by clinicians. This review aims to increase the awareness of clinicians by highlighting the various cutaneous manifestations of common internal malignancies. Method: A review composed via Medline Internet search; literature search and contributions from our experiences as well as shared experiences from colleagues over the years.Results: The skin can be involved in systemic malignancy in a variety of ways: secondary spread; as part of a genetic or acquired syndrome; as a consequence of immunosupression or as paraneoplastic phenomena. The cutaneous markers of malignancy may occur before; at the same time as; or after the diagnosis of the tumour. While in some instances the skin lesion abates with the treatment of the primary tumour; relapse of a previously treated cutaneous disease can herald recurrence of the tumour. Conclusion: Systemic malignancies could; and do; produce a wide range of skin manifestations that are easily seen but often neglected by clinicians. A good understanding of these features will aid prompt and appropriate diagnosis; upon which the necessary treatment could be anchored
Subject(s)
Hodgkin Disease , Skin ManifestationsABSTRACT
Background: The skin is the largest and most accessible organ in the body. Internal malignancies can produce a wide range of cutaneous manifestations that are often neglected by clinicians. This review aims to increase the awareness of clinicians by highlighting the various cutaneous manifestations of common internal malignancies. Method: A review composed via Medline Internet search; literature search and contributions from our experiences as well as shared experiences from colleagues over the years.Results: The skin can be involved in systemic malignancy in a variety of ways: secondary spread; as part of a genetic or acquired syndrome; as a consequence of immunosupression or as paraneoplastic phenomena. The cutaneous markers of malignancy may occur before; at the same time as; or after the diagnosis of the tumour. While in some instances the skin lesion abates with the treatment of the primary tumour; relapse of a previously treated cutaneous disease can herald recurrence of the tumour. Conclusion: Systemic malignancies could; and do; produce a wide range of skin manifestations that are easily seen but often neglected by clinicians. A good understanding of these features will aid prompt and appropriate diagnosis; upon which the necessary treatment could be anchored
Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Review , Skin ManifestationsABSTRACT
Background:The skin is the largest and most accessible organ in the body. Internal malignancies can produce a wide range of cutaneous manifestations that are often neglected by clinicians. This review aims to increase the awareness of clinicians by highlighting the various cutaneous manifestations of common internal malignancies. Method: A review composed via Medline Internet search; literature search and contributions from our experiences as well as shared experiences from colleagues over the years.Results: The skin can be involved in systemic malignancy in a variety of ways: secondary spread; as part of a genetic or acquired syndrome; as a consequence of immunosupression or as paraneoplastic phenomena. The cutaneous markers of malignancy may occur before; at the same time as; or after the diagnosis of the tumour. While in some instances the skin lesion abates with the treatment of the primary tumour; relapse of a previously treated cutaneous disease can herald recurrence of the tumour. Conclusion: Systemic malignancies could; and do; produce a wide range of skin manifestations that are easily seen but often neglected by clinicians. A good understanding of these features will aid prompt and appropriate diagnosis; upon which the necessary treatment could be anchored
Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Review , Skin ManifestationsABSTRACT
Case Definition: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a destructive; necrotizing non-infective ulceration of the skin of unknown aetiology and rarely reported amongst Nigerians. It is believed to be a reactive inflammatory dermatosis and partly a spectrum of neutrophilic dermatoses. PG usually starts as a painful nodule or pustule that gradually becomes turgid and breaks down to form a progressively enlarging ulcer; with raised tender; undermined violeacous borders. These ulcers may occur singly or in multiples; usually with a prediliction for the lower limbs but may occur elsewhere. It is associated with several medical disorders but can also occur spontaneously in 10-30of cases.1 PG is a diagnosis of exclusion2.Objective: The atypical presentation of Pyoderma gangrenosum in our patient from a typical hot humid tropical climate where other causes of cutaneous ulceration may simulate or mimic PG and must be excluded was the reason for revisiting this topic. A case of idiopathic pyoderma gangrenosum in a 29 years-old Nigerian male is herein discussed alongside important differentials of tropical cutaneous ulcerations that could mimic it
Subject(s)
Adult , Nigeria , Pyoderma Gangrenosum/diagnosis , Pyoderma Gangrenosum/etiology , Skin ManifestationsABSTRACT
Background: HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are common in sub Saharan Africa. HIV/AIDS is associated with a wide variety of cutaneous disorders which herald the onset of severe immunosuppression. In sub Saharan Africa; HBV is transmitted mainly horizontally through skin contact. Few studies if any have determined the prevalence of HBV infection among HIV sero-positive individuals with HIV - related cutaneous disorders. Objective: To determine the sero - prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among HIV - seropositive individuals with HIV- related cutaneous disorders.Setting: Tertiary referral Dermatology clinic; Muhimbili National Hospital; Dar es Salaam.Design and methods: Hospital based controlled study whereby consecutive patients with HIV - related cutaneous disorders were enrolled. After filling in a questionnaire and undergoing dermatological examination blood was drawn for HBsAg and HIV antibody screening. Adult and secondary school student blood donors were used as controls.Results: 384 patients with HIV-related skin lesions were enrolled into the study. 354 (92
Subject(s)
HIV , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Hepatitis B virus , Skin ManifestationsABSTRACT
The object of this paper is to prevent some of the most striking mucocutaneous manifestations of HIV infection in Botswana which were seen between 1992 and 1993. Because of their varied presentations; prognostic importance and in some cases favourable response to appropriate therapy; these manifestations of AIDS must be recognized in the day-to-day clinical practice